@InProceedings{RosaNVAASSL:2017:FoStGr,
               author = "Rosa, Diogo Martins and Nelson, Bruce Walker and Valle, Dalton 
                         Freitas do and Almeida, Juliana Schietti de and Almeida, Danilo 
                         Roberti Alves de and Stark, Scott Christopher and Saleska, Scott 
                         Reid and Lefsky, Michael",
                title = "Forest structure gradient along a Central Amazon catena revealed 
                         by ground LiDAR",
            booktitle = "Anais...",
                 year = "2017",
               editor = "Gherardi, Douglas Francisco Marcolino and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz 
                         Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de",
                pages = "2301--2306",
         organization = "Simp{\'o}sio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, 18. (SBSR)",
            publisher = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
              address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
             abstract = "We used an upward-looking rangefinder-type ground LiDAR to 
                         describe differences in structure between Central Amazon terra 
                         firme forest types along a topographic/soil gradient. The LiDAR 
                         recorded 1000 last-return distances from the ground per second. At 
                         a constant walking speed, we sampled six 150m transects per forest 
                         type. All were located in the footprint of the LBA micromet tower 
                         near Manaus. For each forest type along the gradient we produced 
                         (1) a vertical profile of leaf area density (LAD); (2) a frequency 
                         histogram of top-of-canopy (TOC) heights at 1m horizontal scale; 
                         and (3) a variogram of these fine-scale TOC heights. LAD profiles 
                         and TOC histograms show that topography imposes a gradient in 
                         canopy height and in the variance of this height. Low-lying 
                         riparian and campinarana forests on white sand have a lower and 
                         more homogenous canopy surface. Upper slope and plateau forests on 
                         well-drained clay and loam have a taller and more irregular canopy 
                         surface. Differences between the two topographic extremes were 
                         confirmed using a Canopy Height Model from airborne LiDAR. 
                         Autocorrelation of ground LiDAR TOC heights reached 40-100m 
                         horizontal distance in upper slope and plateau forests, but 
                         extended to less than 20m in the sandy lower slope and riparian 
                         forests. The long reach of spatial autocorrelation on upper slopes 
                         and plateaus may result from (1) a matrix of lower crowns between 
                         scattered emergents, (2) larger gaps caused by fallen emergents, 
                         and (3) broad crowns of live emergents.",
  conference-location = "Santos",
      conference-year = "28-31 maio 2017",
                 isbn = "978-85-17-00088-1",
                label = "59809",
             language = "en",
         organisation = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
                  ibi = "8JMKD3MGP6W34M/3PSLQBJ",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP6W34M/3PSLQBJ",
           targetfile = "59809.pdf",
                 type = "LIDAR: sensores e aplica{\c{c}}{\~o}es",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}